The largest class of annelids is the Polychaeta (Gr. polys, many, chaite¯, long hair) with …
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2 weeks ago
Gastropoda: Internal Form and Functions
Respiration in most gastropods is performed by a ctenidium (two ctenidia is the primitive condition,…
2 weeks ago
Major Groups of Gastropods
Traditional classification of class Gastropoda recognizes three sub classes: Prosobranchia, the larg…
2 weeks ago
Dividing the Body among Animals
Although a fluid-filled coelom provided an efficient hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing, precise con…
2 weeks ago
Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
In general, the air is cooler at higher altitudes. Most incoming solar radiation passes through the …
2 weeks ago
Temperature Contrasts: Urban and Rural
On a hot day, rural environments will feel cooler than urban environments. In rural areas, water is …
2 weeks ago
Earth’s Surface and Air Temperature
This chapter focuses on air temperature —that is, the temperature of the air as observed at 1.2 m (4…
September 3, 2024
Gastropoda: Feeding Habits
Feeding habits of gastropods are as varied as their shapes and habitats, but all include use of some…
September 2, 2024
Gastropoda: Torsion and Coiling
Torsion Gastropod development varies with the particular group under discussion, but in general ther…
September 2, 2024
Rotifers: Reproduction
Rotifers are dioecious, and males are usually smaller than females. However, despite having separate…
September 1, 2024
Classes of Molluscs: Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda
Chitons (Gr. coat of mail, tunic) repreent a somewhat more diverse molluscan group with about 1000 …
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Pre-Cambrian Life: Appearance of Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes (“true nucleus”) have cells with membrane-bound nuclei containing chromosomes composed of chromatin. Constituents of …
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The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis: Proof of Prebiotic Synthesis
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Water: An Essential Component to Make Life Happen
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Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
In general, the air is cooler at higher altitudes. Most incoming solar radiation passes through …
Read More » -
Temperature Contrasts: Urban and Rural
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Earth’s Surface and Air Temperature
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Incubation of Fishes
The released egg is protected by a fairly tough chorion or egg case. Within this …
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Fecundity and Egg Size of Fishes
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Maturation of Fishes
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Food Capture by Fishes
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Digestive Enzymes of Fishes