The Osmotic Problem of Fishes
Different fishes live in waters from almost distilled purity, to hypersaline ponds where they have difficulty keeping below the surface. […]
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April 2024
Blood of Fishes: Anti-Freeze Proteins
The colligative effects of solutes in seawater (around 450 mM) depresses sea water freezing point to –1.9°C , while ordinary
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Fish Hemoglobin, O2 and CO2 Transport
Apart from the special case of the channichthyid icefishes, most oxygen in the blood is carried by red cell hemoglobin,
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Blood of Fishes
Different fishes have very different lifestyles, so it is not surprising that the properties of their blood vary according to
Accessory Pumps in Fishes
A remarkable variety of accessory pumps occurs in the venous circulation of different fishes. These range from the portal heart
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The Hearts of Fishes
Fish hearts are S-shaped and four-chambered with, from behind forwards, sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle and either a bulbus or conus
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Circulation in Fishes: Primary and Secondary
The oxygen acquired (from water or air), and the carbon dioxide excreted at the gills, have to be transported around
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Respiration of Fish Larva
The Origin of Respiratory Gills In ascidian and doliolid tunicates, and in amphioxus, the gills are ciliated food collecting devices,
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Respiration in Hagfish and Lampreys
Hagfish In hagfishes, unidirectional water flow through the serial muscular gill pouches is chiefly brought about by rolling and unrolling
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Origin of Freshwater Fishes
The variety of freshwater fishes is striking, for they show radiations into different habitats with some of the most extraordinary
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