Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
In general, the air is cooler at higher altitudes. Most incoming solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed...
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Temperature Contrasts: Urban and Rural
On a hot day, rural environments will feel cooler than urban environments. In rural areas, water is taken up by...
Earth’s Surface and Air Temperature
This chapter focuses on air temperature —that is, the temperature of the air as observed at 1.2 m (4 ft)...
Gastropoda: Feeding Habits
Feeding habits of gastropods are as varied as their shapes and habitats, but all include use of some adaptation of...
Gastropoda: Torsion and Coiling
Torsion Gastropod development varies with the particular group under discussion, but in general there is a trochophore larval stage followed...
Rotifers: Reproduction
Rotifers are dioecious, and males are usually smaller than females. However, despite having separate sexes, males are entirely unknown in...
Classes of Molluscs: Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda
Chitons (Gr. coat of mail, tunic) repreent a somewhat more diverse molluscan group with about 1000 currently described species. They...
Classes of Molluscs: Caudofoveata, Solenogastres
For more than 50 years five classes of living molluscs were recognized: Amphineura, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda, Bivalvia (also called Pelecypoda), and...
সমুদ্রের স্বাদ: মধ্যবিত্তের জীবনযন্ত্রণার স্বরূপ
অর্থনৈতিক দৈন্য মধ্যবিত্ত জীবনস্তরে জন্য এক মারাত্মক অভিশাপ। প্রাত্যহিক জীবনের ক্ষুদ্র ক্ষুদ্র স্বপ্ন আশা গুলো যখন দারিদ্র্যের কারণে প্রতিমুহূর্তে দলিত...
An Introduction to Molluscs
Mollusca (mol-lus’ ka) (L. molluscus, soft) is one of the largest animal phyla after Arthropoda. There are over 90,000 living...
Phylum Brachiopoda and Phylum Phoronida
Brachiopoda (brak-i-op’ – o-da) (Gr. brachio¯n, arm, pous, podos, foot), or lamp shells, are an ancient group. Although about 325...
Molluscs: Form and Function
The enormous variety, great beauty, and easy availability of shells of molluscs have made shell collecting a popular pastime. However,...
