Phylogeny and Diversification in Mollusc
The first molluscs probably arose during Precambrian times because fossils attributed to Mollusca have been found in geological strata as […]
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An Introduction to Class Oligochaeta
Class Oligochaeta More than 3000 species of oligochaetes are found in a great variety of sizes and habitats. They include
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Class Bivalvia
Bivalvia are also known as Pelecypoda (pel-e-sip o-da), or âhatchet-footedâ animals, as their name implies (Gr. pelekys, hatchet, pous, podos,
Class Cephalopods
Cephalopoda (Gr. kephal¯e, head, + pous, podos, foot) include squids, octopuses, nautiluses, devilfish, and cuttlefish. All are marine, and all
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Representative Polychaetes: Common Worms
Clam Worms: Nereis Clam worms, or sand worms as they are sometimes called, are errant polychaetes that live in mucous-lined
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Gastropoda: Internal Form and Functions
Respiration in most gastropods is performed by a ctenidium (two ctenidia is the primitive condition, found in some prosobranchs) located
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Major Groups of Gastropods
Traditional classification of class Gastropoda recognizes three sub classes: Prosobranchia, the largest subclass, almost all of which are marine; Opisthobranchia,
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Dividing the Body among Animals
Although a fluid-filled coelom provided an efficient hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing, precise control of body movements was probably difficult for
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Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere
In general, the air is cooler at higher altitudes. Most incoming solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed
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Temperature Contrasts: Urban and Rural
On a hot day, rural environments will feel cooler than urban environments. In rural areas, water is taken up by
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